In the cloud era, though, multicasting is still useful. While stakeholders may still use the classful network system, it has been considered obsolete since the later 1990s. ItвЂ™s important to understand that the traditional classful network system used with class A, B and D TCP/IP addresses and multicast designation this way is becoming obsolete due to the emergence of IPv6 syntax and other factors. Some of these include rendezvous points, bidirectional PIM and source specific multicast. In addition to multicast addresses, there are higher-level engineering solutions for establishing multicast functionality. The range for multicast addresses is from 224.0. The apportioning of IP addresses utilizes the high-end bits of the address itself. Classes A through C involve different network sizes. Class D was intended to accommodate multicast address allocation. The traditional system involved class A, B, C and D IP addresses. Part of the utilization of multicast addresses has to do with the original classful network models that administrative bodies created in order to provision IPv4 addresses. In total, the model helps to provide a framework for network admin as a whole. Each of these relates to specifically different types of network connections. On top of these are the transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer. This starts with the hardware layer, the data link layer, and the network layer. Ethernet connections can utilize layer 2 or the data link layer, where wireless router connections can utilize layer 3, which is known as the network or Internet layer.Д®ach layer of the OSI model has its own functionality and application. In the seven-layer OSI model that is used to micromanage device and network data traffic, multicast systems utilize specific layers. Techopedia Explains Multicast Address Multicast Addresses and the OSI 7-layer Model

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